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Objective@#To investigate the epidemiology and related clinical features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qingdao, and provide relevant evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#The retrospective analysis method was used to collect the epidemiological and clinical data of 104 patients with HFRS diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to December 2018, and the general condition, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and exposure history of the patients were analyzed.@*Results@#One hundred and four patients with HFRS were aged from 10 to 87 years old, including 78 males and 26 females; mainly living in rural areas, accounting for 90.38% (94/104); and 54 cases from the Department of Nephrology, accounting for 51.92%. October to January of the following year was the main onset time, accounting for 68.27% (71/104). The clinical manifestations were 98 cases of fever, accounting for 94.23%; 66 cases of nausea and vomiting, accounting for 63.46%; and 57 cases of dizziness and headache, accounting for 54.81%. Laboratory examination showed more thrombocytopenia, urinary protein and occult blood positive, D-dimer elevation, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin elevation. Only 8 cases had a history of direct, indirect or suspicious contact.@*Conclusions@#The clinical features of HFRS are atypical. The main symptoms are fever, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache. Men are higher than women. The place of residence is mainly in rural areas. The exposure history is mostly unclear. Diagnosis should be combined with laboratory findings and early treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiology and related clinical features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qingdao,and provide relevant evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The retrospective analysis method was used to collect the epidemiological and clinical data of 104 patients with HFRS diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to December 2018,and the general condition,clinical symptoms,laboratory examination and exposure history of the patients were analyzed.Results One hundred and four patients with HFRS were aged from 10 to 87 years old,including 78 males and 26 females;mainly living in rural areas,accounting for 90.38％ (94/104);and 54 cases from the Department of Nephrology,accounting for 51.92％.October to January of the following year was the main onset time,accounting for 68.27％ (71/104).The clinical manifestations were 98 cases of fever,accounting for 94.23％;66 cases of nausea and vomiting,accounting for 63.46％;and 57 cases of dizziness and headache,accounting for 54.81％.Laboratory examination showed more thrombocytopenia,urinary protein and occult blood positive,D-dimer elevation,C-reactive protein and procalcitonin elevation.Only 8 cases had a history of direct,indirect or suspicious contact.Conclusions The clinical features of HFRS are atypical.The main symptoms are fever,nausea and vomiting,dizziness and headache.Men are higher than women.The place of residence is mainly in rural areas.The exposure history is mostly unclear.Diagnosis should be combined with laboratory findings and early treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
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control group.Hoechst staining showed that the number of apoptosis cell in the lung tissue was also increased.The number of apoptosis cells in hypoxic was significantly more than those in 2 weeks hypoxic group and control group.Conclusions In the process of chronic HPH rats,both the proliferation and aopotosis in the wall of pulmonary arteriolar are increased,and the expression of P53 in the lung tissue has an increasing tendency.The activity of P53 may play a regulation role in pulmonary arteriolar reconstruction in chronic HPH rats.
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There are multiple rights conflicts in the international protections of pharmaceutical intellectual property,among which the most prominent is the confrontation of the patent right and the right of life and health.This article tries to examine the pharmaceutical intellectual property rights with an ethical perspective,and resolve the conflict and moral dilemma in its international protection using the doctrine of the mean.When the pharmaceutical patent which is serviced as privacy and property rights,doesn't conflict with other more important rights,we should protect pharmaceutical patent and try our best to promote the attainment of it.Otherwise,the patent right should be replaced by the right of life and health.In practice,the international protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property should respect the difference principle,establish the appropriate price different system of pharmaceutical patent and carry forward humanism to safeguard the right of life and health.
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AIM: To study the protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on alveolar type II cells (AT-Ⅱ) damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODS: AT-Ⅱ were placed in a 6 well cell culture cluster (0.5?106 cells/cm2) and divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS. (2) LPS group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L). (3) ANP group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L) and ANP (10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L). After 4, 12 and 24 h, the cell culture mediums of control group, LPS group and ANP (10-7 mol/L) group were collected, and those of the ANP (10-6, 10-8 mol/L) group were collected after 12 h. Alkaline phosphatase(AKP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), total phospholipids (TPL) and surface tension (ST) in the medium of every group were examined. RESULTS: AT-Ⅱ were characterized by AKP staining. The contents of LDH, AKP and MDA in the medium of every ANP group were lower than those in the corresponding LPS group. The TPL content in the medium of every ANP group was higher than that in the corresponding LPS group, and the change of ST of the medium was opposite to that of TPL. The effect at 12 h was the most significant, for example, at 12 h, the activities of AKP in the mediums were: control (43.5?10.4) U/L, LPS (98.1?16.4) U/L, LPS+ANP (10-6) (46.4?10.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-7) (60.7?9.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-8) (91.3?13.9) U/L.CONCLUSION: ANP protects the AT-Ⅱ from being damaged by LPS and promotes the secretion of pulmonary surfactants.